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Schindlmaier, K; Haitzmann, T; Bubalo, V; Konrad, B; Jelwan, J; Bluemel, G; Rittchen, S; Jäger, V; Dengler, MA; Brcic, L; Lindenmann, J; Marsh, LM; Eichmann, TO; Kirchmair, A; Trajanoski, Z; Kargl, J; Muñoz-Pinedo, C; Leithner, K.
Metabolic adaptation of glucose-deprived macrophages involves partial gluconeogenesis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025; 122(44): e2419568122 Doi: 10.1073/pnas.2419568122
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Autor*innen der Med Uni Graz:
Blümel Gabriele Agnes
Bubalo Visnja
Dengler Michael
Eichmann Thomas
Haitzmann Theresa
Jäger Vanessa
Jelwan Joseph
Kargl Julia
Konrad Barbara
Leithner Katharina
Lindenmann Jörg
Marsh Leigh
Rittchen Sonja
Schindlmaier Katharina
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Abstract:
Macrophages are recruited to sites of infection contributing to the killing of bacteria, but also to malignant tumors, where they promote angiogenesis and suppress antitumor immune responses. The metabolic microenvironment in tumors is frequently depleted of important nutrients such as glucose. Here, we investigated metabolic adaptation strategies of macrophages to glucose deprivation using stable isotopic tracing. Lactate production was decreased, potentially indicating a reduction of glycolysis. In contrast, the contribution of glutamine to the tricarboxylic acid cycle via α-ketoglutarate and reductive carboxylation were increased. Moreover, gluconeogenesis, the reverse pathway of glycolysis, was activated in glucose-deprived macrophages, proceeding partially to the generation of glycolytic intermediates and glycerol-3-phosphate. The partial gluconeogenesis pathway was abrogated in human and murine macrophages lacking the initial gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2, mitochondrial isoform). Partial gluconeogenesis was higher in anti-inflammatory, interleukin-4-stimulated compared to proinflammatory, interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Single-cell analysis and immunostaining revealed expression of PCK2 in macrophages from both lung cancer and normal lung. Low glucose conditions only partially modulated macrophage phenotypes, leading to reduced CD80 surface marker levels in proinflammatory, and enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in anti-inflammatory macrophages. Our study reveals partial gluconeogenesis in glucose-deprived macrophages and shows that this versatile type of immune cells exhibits remarkable metabolic flexibility.
Find related publications in this database (using NLM MeSH Indexing)
Gluconeogenesis - physiology
Glucose - metabolism, deficiency
Macrophages - metabolism
Animals - administration & dosage
Mice - administration & dosage
Humans - administration & dosage
Glycolysis - administration & dosage
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) - metabolism, genetics
Adaptation, Physiological - administration & dosage
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP) - administration & dosage

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