Medizinische Universität Graz Austria/Österreich - Forschungsportal - Medical University of Graz
Gewählte Publikation:
SHR Neuro Krebs Kardio Lipid Stoffw Microb
Keppel, MH; Auer, S; Lippi, G; von, Meyer, A; Cornes, M; Felder, TK; Oberkofler, H; Mrazek, C; Haschke-Becher, E; Cadamuro, J.
Heparin and citrate additive carryover during blood collection.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019; 57(12): 1888-1896.
Doi: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0433
Web of Science
PubMed
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- Führende Autor*innen der Med Uni Graz
- Keppel Martin
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- Abstract:
- Background Published evidence on the risk of additive carryover during phlebotomy remains elusive. We aimed to assess potential carryover of citrated and heparinized blood and the relative volume needed to bias clinical chemistry and coagulation tests. Methods We simulated standardized phlebotomies to quantify the risk of carryover of citrate and heparin additives in distilled water, using sodium and lithium as surrogates. We also investigated the effects of contamination of heparinized blood samples with increasing volumes of citrated blood and pure citrate on measurements of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, total and ionized calcium and phosphate. Likewise, we studied the effects of contamination of citrated blood samples with increasing volumes of heparinized blood on heparin (anti-Xa) activity, lithium, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). We interpreted these results based on measurement deviations beyond analytical, biological and clinical significance. Results Standardized phlebotomy simulations revealed no significant differences in concentration of surrogate markers. Clinically significant alterations were observed after contamination of heparinized blood samples with volumes of citrated blood beyond 5-50 μL for ionized calcium and beyond 100-1000 μL for sodium, chloride and total calcium. Investigations of pure citrate carryover revealed similar results at somewhat lower volumes. Heparinized blood carryover showed clinically significant interference of coagulation testing at volumes beyond 5-100 μL. Conclusions Our results suggest that during a standardized phlebotomy, heparin or citrate contamination is highly unlikely. However, smaller volumes are sufficient to severely alter test results when deviating from phlebotomy guidelines.
- Find related publications in this database (using NLM MeSH Indexing)
- Anticoagulants - administration & dosage
- Blood Coagulation - drug effects
- Blood Coagulation Tests - methods
- Blood Specimen Collection - methods
- Citrates - administration & dosage
- Citric Acid - analysis, blood
- Equipment Contamination - prevention & control
- Heparin - analysis, blood
- Humans - administration & dosage
- Partial Thromboplastin Time - administration & dosage
- Phlebotomy - methods, standards
- Pre-Analytical Phase - methods
- Prothrombin Time - administration & dosage
- Thrombin Time - administration & dosage
- Find related publications in this database (Keywords)
- blood sampling
- order of draw
- preanalytical phase
- sample handling
- specimen handling